A new study highlights the ability of the ketogenic diet to reduce overall mortality by 25% without posing additional risks to heart health, providing a new perspective on its long-term safety and effectiveness. Masu.
Research: Ketogenic diets have the potential to reduce all-cause mortality without increasing cardiovascular-related mortality. Image credit: Yulia Furman / Shutterstock
In a recent study published in the journal Scientific Reports, researchers used a large, long-term U.S.-based cohort (NHANES study) that included more than 43,775 adults from 2001 to 2018 to We evaluated the association between genetic diets (KDs). All-cause or cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models showed that adherence to KD could significantly reduce the risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.63 to 0.9), but there was a significant difference between KD and increased CVD mortality risk. revealed that no significant association was found for (HR = 1.13, P = 0.504).
Taken together, these findings highlight the benefits of KD beyond its use as an intervention in childhood epilepsy and call for further research utilizing beneficial diets similar to KD in the pursuit of health and longevity for the entire human population. It emphasizes the need.
background
The ketogenic (“keto”) diet (KD) is a dietary intervention that prioritizes low carbohydrate intake over high fat intake, forcing the human body to switch from carbohydrates to fat as the primary fuel source. This state, called ketosis, was originally developed to treat childhood epilepsy, but it has since been shown to have significant health benefits in weight loss and the management of metabolic diseases.
Unfortunately, the widespread promotion and adoption of KD has been hampered by ongoing scientific research regarding its safety and the potential for high ketone concentrations (e.g., acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate) to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). hampered by arguments. Although KD is associated with high fat intake, there is no consistent evidence supporting the negative effects of KD on cardiovascular health. Surprisingly, despite years of debate, hypotheses regarding the potential negative health effects of KD have never been scientifically tested.
“CVD risk contributes significantly to global morbidity and mortality, and dietary factors play a pivotal role in its development. On the other hand, reducing carbohydrate intake and increasing insulin sensitivity may have beneficial effects on CVD risk factors such as blood pressure regulation, lipid levels, and inflammation. The high fat content of KD, especially saturated fat, can negatively impact lipid metabolism, trigger an inflammatory response, and increase CVD risk.”
Objectively elucidating the long-term effects of KD on human health, particularly all-cause and CVD mortality, would enable the development of scientifically accurate dietary guidelines, which would help address today’s aging global population. This could help alleviate the steady increase in chronic disease in a growing population.
About research
This study evaluates the long-term association between KD and mortality (all-cause) and CVD mortality. Data for this study were obtained from the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2001 to 2018. This cohort study is nationally representative and includes follow-up data on more than 91,351 participants. This study is a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of U.S. adult civilians conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS).
This includes tracking data on anthropometric measurements, dietary intake, laboratory tests, and participant outcomes. After excluding participants younger than 20 years and participants with missing data, 43,776 participants were finally included in the analysis. Dietary intake data were measured through two 24-hour dietary recall interviews, and nutrient intakes were calculated using a food and nutrition database.
We then used the nutrient data to calculate the Dietary Ketogenic Ratio (DKR) to establish a pattern in which nutritional ketosis could be achieved (higher DKR = more likely to be in ketosis). Calculation of DKR involves the ratio of macronutrients with ketogenic and anti-ketogenic properties according to established formulas. Sociodemographic and lifestyle data (obtained from NHANES) were used to establish and characterize covariates. Participants were categorized by age, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, BMI, and smoking status.
Finally, all-cause mortality was the primary outcome of this study, and CVD risk was a secondary outcome. CVD mortality was defined based on clinically confirmed diagnoses, including heart failure, coronary heart disease, and myocardial infarction. Additionally, hypertension and diabetes were included due to their strong association with CVD.
Multivariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs), thereby estimating the association between KD and outcomes. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was performed to investigate the potential nonlinear association between KD and mortality risk.
Research results
Of the 91,351 participants enrolled in the NHANES cohort, 43,776 met inclusion criteria and were evaluated in this study. Participants were primarily male (51.7%) with a mean age of 49.4 years. After a median follow-up of 9.1 years, 6,508 (13.8%) participants died from all-cause mortality and 1,533 (3.5%) died from CVD-related causes. Important risk factors include gender, age, marital status, smoking status, and BMI.
Cox proportional hazards models (adjusted) revealed a dose-dependent association between KD and reduced all-cause mortality risk. In contrast, models examining the association between KD and CVD mortality did not find a significant relationship. Both results were supported and verified by RCS analysis. Further stratified sensitivity analyzes across subgroups confirmed these findings and showed a clear reduction in all-cause mortality without a significant increase in CVD mortality risk.
“Notably, in the adjusted model, the risk of death decreased by 24% for each standard deviation increase in DKR. When comparing patients, those in the top quartile showed a stronger protective effect compared to those in the bottom quartile.”
conclusion
This study establishes the health benefits of KD by verifying that the dietary pattern reduces the risk of all-cause mortality without commensurately increasing the risk of CVD or similar chronic cardiovascular disease. . 9. Data from over 43,776 US adults over a 1-year follow-up period highlight that KD adherence can reduce all-cause mortality risk by up to 24%, leading to further optimization of the KD as a public health recommendation. highlights the need for additional research.
Reference magazines:
Qu, X., Huang, L. & Rong, J. Ketogenic diet has the potential to reduce all-cause mortality without increasing cardiovascular-related mortality. Sci Rep 14, 22805 (2024). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-73384-x, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-73384-x
Source link
